Rabies: a breif overview :: essays research papers

Rabies is a preventable viral disease of mammals roughly often transmitted through the bite of a rabid animal. The bulky majority of lyssa cases inform to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) individually year occur in wild animals like raccoons, skunks, bats, and foxes. Domestic animals vizor for less than 10% of the reported fury cases, with cats, cattle, and dogs most often reported rabid. Rabies virus infects the central nervous system, causing encephalopathy and at long last death. Early symptoms of rabidness in humans are nonspecific, consisting of fever, headache, and general malaise. As the disease progresses, neurological symptoms appear and may include insomnia, anxiety, confusion, slight or partial paralysis, excitation, hallucinations, agitation, hypersalivation, difficulty swallowing, and hydrophobia (fear of water). Death normally occurs within age of the onset of symptoms.sOver the last 100 years, rabies in the linked States has changed drama tically. More than 90% of all animal cases reported annually to CDC without delay occur in wildlife before 1960 the majority were in domestic animals. The principal sum rabies hosts to twenty-four hours are wild carnivores and bats.. The number of rabies-related human deaths in the United States has declined from more than 100 annually at the turn of the vitamin C to one or two per year in the1990s. Modern day prophylaxis has proven nearly 100% successful. In the United States, human fatalities associated with rabies occur in people who fail to seek medical assistance, usually because they were unaware of their exposure. Although human rabies deaths are rare, the estimated public health be associated with disease detection, prevention, and control have risen, exceeding $300 million annually. These cost include the vaccination of companion animals, animal control programs, maintenance of rabies laboratories, and medical costs, such as those incurred for rabies postexposure prop hylaxis (PEP). Accurate estimates of these expenditures are not available. Although the number of PEPs given in the United States each year is unknown, it is estimated to be about 40,000. When rabies becomes epizootic or enzootic in a region, the number of PEPs in that area increases. Although the cost varies, a course of rabies immune globulin and five doses of vaccine given over a 4-week uttermost typically exceeds $1,000. The cost per human life saved from rabies ranges from around $10,000 to $100 million, depending on the nature of the exposure and the probability of rabies in a region.Customarily, the level of international resources committed to the control of an infectious disease is a response to the associated human morbidity and mortality.